ABSTRACT
O conceito médico de paranóia começa com Heinroth, na Alemanha, passa por Kraeplin, e chega até os dias de hoje, no DSM-IV e na CID-10, agora com a denominaçäo de transtorno delirante. Este se caracteriza pela presença de delírios näo-bizarros e crônicos, näo associados a outras alteraçöes psicopatológicas importantes. Existem dúvidas quanto à sua validade como uma categoria nosológica independente. A sua prevalência é estimada em 0,03 por cento. Embora os antipsicóticos sejam a opçäo terapêutica de primeira escolha, a sua eficácia ainda näo está comprovad, em funçäo da escassez de ensaios clínicos controlados. Algumas críticas säo levantadas em relaçäo à definiçäo de delírio de Karl Jaspers, e à distinçäo que ele fez entre idéias deliróides. Säo relatados três casos, clínicos: um do subtipo persecutório, outro do erotomaníaco, e outro do de ciúmes, este extraído do romance de Dom Casmurro, de Machado de Assis
Subject(s)
Schizophrenia, Paranoid/diagnosis , Schizophrenia, Paranoid/historyABSTRACT
The most important contribuitions on delusional parasitosis or tactile hallucionosis are by means of the findings in an own sample of 36 patients critically reviewed. Although from a review of the literature, comprising about 500 cases in more than 250 papers, seems to emerge a rather homogeneous picture of the disorder, the views on some clinical data, freqency, age on onset, course, prognosis, nosological classification, underlyng illnesses and pathogenesis are partly different and controversial. It is shown that the syndrome is until today not sufficiently know in psychiatry, above all because the great majority of the patients do not search for psychiatric help. The patients are female more often than male (2.3-1 in the own sample), between 25 and 84 years of age, but in 81 per cent beginning after the age of 50. The onset is in 19 per cent of the own sample, and here exclusively in endogenous psychoses, before the age of 50. As to the nosological classification, the delusional parasitosis develops in the half of the Bonn sample in the course of endogenous, maainly schizophrenic psychoses, in the other half based on organic (cascular) brain diseases. In endogenous psychoses the course is mainly in phases and not chronic or progressing as reported by BERS and CONRAD. The observation of the course speaks for the assumption that qualitatively abnormal bodily sensations, i.e. level-2-cenesthesias, often preceding in long prodomes the proper tactile hallucinosis, are an essential component in the pathogenesis of the syndrome. These sensations are psychopathologically the same bodily experiences that occur in many schizophrenic course and, as dominating symptomatology, in the cenesthetic type of schizophrenia
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Skin Diseases, Parasitic , Skin Diseases, Parasitic/classification , Skin Diseases, Parasitic/pathology , Psychopathology/trends , Schizophrenia, Paranoid/history , Skin Diseases/psychologyABSTRACT
En 1986 se celebra el primer centenario de la muerte del "Rey loco" Luis II de Baviera, junto a su médico, el Profesor von Gudden, el profesor de Kraepelin. El personaje ha dado lugar a varias obras literarias e históricas y su muerte ha provocado varias dudas; sigue siendo un enigma. Se presenta en este artículo un resumen del dictamen pericial de los psiquiatras, gracias al cual se destituyó al rey, pocos días antes de la tragedia. Se hacen algunas consideraciones históricas, nosológicas y clínicas sobre el caso